112
ථ၌༶ၑᐄ༶ື
113
Chapter 3
˙ஷ੬݊ථ၌ਕਠdɓছึ
ࠅ
Ӌ
ڭ
Ϟ
ڭ
༟ࣘٙਓ͉dຬɓਕਠ༼ˀ
ڭ
Υ
ߒ
ٙ
֛dᒔ̙ᔳ༟ࣘ̈͡ൡdᏨൖவԬ༟ࣘ݊щ̍ўίࡡᎷπٙ༟ࣘlzfவ΅༟
ࣘᏐ
ڦ
ৄୋɧ˙d೯͛
ن
ᙄ
א
ԱΥ
הߒ
Ϟɛ
ࠅ
Ӌdୋɧ˙ʑ̙˸ቡᛘவ΅༟ࣘf
பᙄᕚ
νΝ
ה
ϞਠุᙄٙபૢಛdϤɗᆽ
ڭ
ᇕ
ߒ
ᕐ˙̙ʝၚᆽ൙П־Ϥʘৌਕࠬ
ᎈf
ዄᗇᙄᕚ
ڭ
ᗇఱ݊ᗫ
ܛج
ɪ
ࠅה
ӋਕԶᏐਠ
א
ਠۜԶᏐਠ࿁Չପۜ
ܛجא
ɪٙଲ
ה
ც
ࠋ
ዄٙபfϤ
މ
तࣿٙபҖόf
பၾΝจ
א
ணΝจٙঐᗫfҦஔኬΣٙΥ
ߒ
ʕνථ၌Υ
ߒ
dϞᗫ
Ҧஔਕૢಛʿत֛
ۆ
d̀तй
ء
จ൚͜οٙᆽf
ၮ
ۆ
͊ঐᄵ
אߒ
͊፭ςΥ
ߒ
ʕ֛ٙdሦᎵப
ה
ࠋ
ዄٙᐼᕘf
ߒࠈ
ᕐ˙̙ίΥ
ߒ
ʕᙄ
ࠈ
֛ධ༼
ߒ
பၮʔሞ݊Ҧஔɪٙ༼
ߒ
dν༟ࣘ՟͜iᒔ݊
ܛج
ٙ༼
ߒ
f
༼
ߒ
ʿ
؈ܝ
ה
ፗ༼
ߒ
d̙ൖᄵ
ߒ
ɪٙ
ڜ
ᖟd྅݊ʔ̙ঐԨʔ݊ɓකeᄵ
ߒ
ַ፰e
ଲd
א
ᆽٙ༼
ߒ
f
ʔ̙ঐjν
؈
ԶᏐਠ௰
ܝ
ʔ̙ঐတԑΥ
ߒ
ʕᖦ
ࠈ
ٙԫධdϤʔ̙ঐ߰ᓥ
ΪԶᏐਠd
ۆ
ԶᏐਠఱ
ࠋ
ৎபf
ᄵ
ߒ
ַ፰jఱྼਕЪϾԊd௰ࠠ
ࠅ
ٙᄵ
ߒ
ַ፰
މ
j࿚ЇΥ
ߒ
Ցಂ˚
މ
˟d
ӚϞᄵБ່ਕfν
؈
ਗ਼ᄵ
ߒ
ַ፰ॶɝ༼
ߒ
பٙᇍఖdᄵ
ߒ
ַ፰ஷ੬ɰᏐ
ࠋ
ሦᎵ່ٙਕfೌሞνОd͜˒̙ܵᄵ
אߒ
ഗʚΥଣٙѓٝಂග
ܝ
ৗ̈Υ
ߒ
f
ᄵ
ߒ
ଲjྼਕɪd˴
ࠅ
ၾҁϓٙ
ܓ
e͑ɮ՟͜ʿԶᏐਠ
ה
Զٙਕ
ۜሯϞᗫfԶᏐਠίᄵ
ߒ
ಂගԶଲዄ
ڭ
dνଲᗫ͡ൡცί
ڭ
ᗇಂ
ග̈f࣬ኽዄ
جڭ
dஷ੬ଲᓥ᙮ၾщԨʔࠠ
ࠅ
dШ݊ཀ̰பίฦሦ
Ꮅჯਹʕ̕
ܘ
ࠠ
ࠅ
ٙήЗf
ᆽٙ༼
ߒ
jν
؈
Υ
ߒ
ٙɓ˙༼ˀΥ
הߒ
ܸٙ
ڭ
ᚐபdԨฦՑ̤ɓ˙
ٙପۜdϤᗳ༼
ߒ
ఱ̣ਂᆽٙ༼
ߒ
fᆽٙ༼
ߒ
̙ிϓΪ
؈
א
ஹ੭
ٙฦfவ༁̀Ϟཀ̰பٙઋ
೯ر
͛dϾ༼
٫ߒ
̀࿁Չ˾ଣʿ͉Ԓ
Б
ࠋމ
பfᔾபᓥ᙮ࣛdᆽႩ༈
ج
ቇٙ͜ᑘᗇபᔷ౬ࡡ
ۆ
The law
envisages a reversal of the burden of proof
݊
੬ڢ
ࠠ
ࠅ
ٙf
ʱ̍ਠٙʧɝᛆ
νΝ
ࠑۃ
dᗳ
ܛج
ਪᕚึ೯͛ίΥ
ߒ
ٙᄵБfථ၌ԶᏐਠ߰ਗ਼ථ၌ਕΎʱ̍
ഗ̤ɓ
ࡈ
ਕਠd
א
Ύʱ̍ഗᅰ
ࡈ
ਕਠd
ۆ
ึᜫ
ܛجࡈ
ᗫ
ڷ
ᜊһ̋ልᕏf
ɓছϾԊdථ၌͜˒ʿਕਠேึ
ࠈ
֛Υ
ߒ
ܛ
ࢪ၈Ϥ
މ
Υ
ߒ
່ਕdʱ̍ਠλ
ˢ݊ਕਠٙʱԒ˾
ڌ
fШਕਠೌ
ج
ᎇࣛՉʱԒٙධБ
މ
dԨ࿁ʘ
ࠋ
பfΪ
Ϥ࿁ʱ̍ਠٜٙટ॰ᛆԷνੂБ݊
੬ڢ
ࠠ
ࠅ
ٙԫf
˟ථ၌ᙄ
ίɽεᅰ
ܛج
ઋ
ر
ɨdථ၌༶ၑɰቇܵ͜ᚃ່ٙਕ֛f್ϾdԷνᅃ͏
ج
German Civil Code
ج
ՊʕٙᅃᅺΥ
ߒ
ٙᗳۨdఱึϽᅇᗳΥ
ߒ
˟ٙ
֛dΪϤ̀ίΥ
ߒ
ʕͣᇍ̈˟Υ
ߒ
ٙධlz࢙f
͜˒ᆽ֛՟ஷٝಂࠢٙᗆdϾϤஷٝಂࠢls˼ᔷΫՑ͉Ԓӻ୕d
א
ᔷ